Finding Reliable Source II
"AIR TRANSPORTATION"
INTRODUCTION
Air pollution in China has attracted world attention again since the winter of 2012. Besides considering the normal level of air pollution, it is interesting and important to choose and analyze periods of extremely high levels. These extremes are not only important because high values of PM2.5 have more severe impacts, but also to help us to effectively understand the causes of air pollution.
BODY
Energy consumption, driven by the burning of fossil fuels, and motor vehicle emissions are regarded as two main primary causes of air pollution. However, culture is a less-obvious factor affecting air pollution, which is often overlooked by researchers. Culture plays an important role in many environmental problems. This study investigates why and how “Nian” culture leads to increased air pollution during Chinese New Year. Air pollution during Chinese Lunar New Year is more severe than other times of the year. Although the relationship between the lighting of fireworks and air pollution is of wide concern, the cultural factors behind it are not fully recognized, which hinders the understanding and solving of the problem.
CONCLUSION
It is an important step for Chinese people to reduce the lighting of firecrackers, believed to drive away monsters. Four solutions are proposed to deal with the severe air pollution problem during Chinese New Year.
TRANSITIONAL WORD
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- Name of Journal : Journal of Cleaner Production
- Title : The impacts of Chinese Nian culture on air pollution
- Identity : Volume 112, Part 2, 20 January 2016, Pages 1740-1745
INTRODUCTION
Airlines air traffic delays cause discomfort to passengers and cost airlines dearly, thus there is no wonder that a growing number of authors from different disciplines have studied air traffic delays and their patterns.
BODY
This paper departs from existing literature by assuming air traffic delay to be a duration variable whose true distribution is unknown. It suggests a general model that includes several other models as subfamilies and utilizes an information contents based approach to find the most appropriate model to study air traffic delays.
CONCLUSION
The results for two different airlines, American Airlines and United Airlines, reveal that airlines of comparable size and market influence air traffic delays could follow different patterns.
TRANSITIONAL WORD
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- Name of Journal : Journal of Air Transport Management
- Title : Using a generalized model for air traffic delay: An application of information based duration analysis
- Identity : Volume 67, March 2018, Pages 153-156
INTRODUCTION
This study is aimed to examine the impact of perceived risk on passenger's intentions to travel by air. Furthermore, this study also examines these relationships across full -service and low-cost air carriers. This study employed a convenience sampling method for collecting data from 755 respondents using a self-administered questionnaire. Moreover, variance based structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to test the proposed structural model.
BODY
The results revealed that socio-psychological risk, financial risk and performance risk are significantly negative predictors of passengers' intentions to travel by air. Whereas, surprisingly, physical risk is found to be a non-significant predictor of passengers' intentions to travel by air. Results from multi-group analysis showed for passengers in full service carriers, all the dimensions of perceived risk have a significant impact on their intentions to travel by air. Whereas, for passengers in low cost carriers, physical risk and performance risk are significant predictors while socio-psychological and financial risk are non-significant predictors of their intentions to travel by air.
CONCLUSION
It is expected that findings of this study will help airlines to understand the role of various dimensions of perceived risks that shape passenger's intentions to travel by air.
TRANSITIONAL WORD
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- Name of Journal : Journal of Air Transport Management
- Title : Examining the impact of risk perceptions on intentions to travel by air: A comparison of full -service carriers and low-cost carriers
- Identity :Volume 71, August 2018, Pages 20-27
INTRODUCTION
This work demonstrates hydrocarbon production directly from water, solar energy, and air—called SOLETAIR. The plant includes direct air capture (DAC) of carbon dioxide, hydrogen production by water electrolysis, and two-step synthesis bench-scale units that operate using grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) electricity. In addition, co-feeding of hydrogen and carbon monoxide from gas bundles are utilized to enable scaling between units.
BODY
This pilot plant achieved a total operating time of approx. 300 h with a combined production of oil and wax of 6.2 kg per day. The mass and energy balances in integration of the units are studied.
CONCLUSION
According to the experiments and studies, potential and bottlenecks to improve the individual units and their integration are found. Finally, a conceptual Power-to-X plant is presented, which can achieve energy and carbon efficiencies of 47% and 94%, respectively, considering liquid and solid hydrocarbons as products.
TRANSITIONAL WORD
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- Name of Journal : Journal of CO2 Utilization
- Title : Power-to-X technology using renewable electricity and carbon dioxide from ambient air: SOLETAIR proof-of-concept and improved process concept
- Identity :Volume 28, December 2018, Pages 235-246
INTRODUCTION
Tiltrotor aircraft have three flight modes: helicopter mode, airplane mode, and transition mode. A tiltrotor has characteristics of highly nonlinear, time-varying flight dynamics and inertial/control couplings in its transition mode. It can transit from the helicopter mode to the airplane mode by tilting its nacelles, and an effective controller is crucial to accomplish tilting transition missions.
BODY
Longitudinal dynamic characteristics of the tiltrotor are described by a nonlinear Lagrange-form model, which takes into account inertial/control couplings and aerodynamic interferences. Reference commands for airspeed velocity and attitude in the transition mode are calculated dynamically by visiting a command library which is founded in advance by analyzing the flight envelope of the tiltrotor. A Time-Varying Linear (TVL) model is obtained using a Taylor-expansion based online linearization technique from the nonlinear model. Subsequently, based on an optimal control concept, an online optimization based control method with input constraints considered is proposed.
CONCLUSION
To validate the proposed control method, three typical tilting transition missions are simulated using the nonlinear model of XV-15 tiltrotor aircraft. Simulation results show that the controller can be used to control the tiltrotor throughout its operating envelop which includes a transition flight, and can also deal with vertical gust disturbances.
TRANSITIONAL WORD
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- Name of Journal : Chinese Journal of Aeronautics
- Title : Time-varying linear control for tiltrotor aircraft
- Identity :Volume 31, Issue 4, April 2018, Pages 632-642
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